Turning is one kind uses the metallic cutting method that machines columnar face -- workpiece circles main shaft to rotate, cutting tool does radial or axial feed moves, cutting gives wanted appearance. Tell from common sense: What turning points to is the columnar side that gives random with cutting of odd blade cutting tool. Those who tell is some more specific: Turning often is used to of cutting and workpiece axis parallel outside round face. The cutting that undertakes to as perpendicular as workpiece axis surface calls end panel turning. When turning, cutting tool basically makes axial feed motion along machine tool main shaft. When end panel turning, cutting tool basically makes radial feed motion. The turning of taper and profile modeling surface asks cutting tool does axial already, make radial feed motion again, this kind of turning calls profile modeling turning again. The cutting feature that most turning machines is very similar. If can use a cutting tool only,go up to be cut into drive a vehicle in an established surface. This must get on the knife in certain level smell clamping apparatus one part, ability lets clamping apparatus and rotating workpiece maintain certain distance. After turning begins, cutting tool begins cutting work, till whole treatment the process ends. In this process, cutting tool becomes workpiece turning outside of a cylinder, its cut speed and cut dimension are constant. In end panel turning when, cutting speed and workpiece diameter change into scale. When cutting tool is about to approach work center, cutting speed can be reduced. Some moment approach work center when cutting tool when, main shaft can accelerate the rotational rate with improving work. Anyhow, turning is a kind of common metallic cutting method. Besides begin and end point of these two time, the temperature of the power that place of other time cutting tool gets and point of a knife, basically be constant. End panel turning differs somewhat, its cutting speed is change, consequently temperature of point of a knife can fluctuate somewhat. When workpiece of cutting big diameter, still may produce high temperature. But a when just affect cutting force as a result of cutting speed small element, because this action is in,the force on cutting tool of end panel turning can be regarded as constant. Relevant turning operation is mixed besides turning outside end panel turning, lathe still can be used to dry other issue. In the job that can have on lathe, use odd blade cutting tool almost. What later development listed lathe can be competent is other 6 kinds of treatment: Cut corner: Excise a horn on cylinder edge with cutting tool. Cut off: Cutting tool does radial feed, along the length of workpiece, the work that in the dot cuts special ground to rotate cuts his two half. Car Lei grain: With a pointed mouth cutting tool linear feed arrives rotate of workpiece inside or outside face, cutting goes out inside or outside whorl. Evade aperture: Enlarge the dimension of a prefab aperture. a pointed mouth cutting tool and parallel of runner shaft coming back linear feed enlarges the dimension of aperture. Bore: Cut broach work along workpiece axis inside, give an opening. After bore is finished, can again Kong Huo of bore with a reamer is evade the definition that Kong Lai enhances aperture and surface are bright and clean degree. Roll a flower: Will in workpiece surface roll the alternate design of extrude regulation with cutting tool. The clip of knife of type ANSI turning that the knife places codes the system uses a few letters, the specific geometry appearance that will explain turning knife is placed through lead horn and numerical value of the horn that carry sword. System of clip of ANSI turning knife listed in all 7 kinds of main cutting tool types, they can be finished almost all lathe treatment, include whorl of turning, end panel turning, grooving, car, and cut off etc. The delegate symbol of these 7 kinds of main cutting tool types is A, b, c, d, e, f, g. A: Straight handle, take part of blade of 0 ° inclined cutting, use at turning. B: Straight handle, take part of blade of 15 ° inclined cutting, use at turning. C: Straight handle, take 0 ° to carry blade part, use at cutting off with grooving. D: Straight handle, take part of 45 ° inclined cutting, use at turning E model: Straight handle, take part of 30 ° inclined cutting, use at car whorl. F: Brace. Take 0 ° to carry blade part, use at end panel turning. G: Brace. Take part of 0 ° inclined cutting. This is a kind of A cutting tool, just gap is bigger, use at closer from lathe chuck turning. The appearance of cutting razor blade but dislocation turning razor blade divides kind of appearance, dimension and ply; Some takes straight aperture, some takes countersink, some does not take aperture; Some turning razor blade take bits chamfer at the same time, some both sides have bits chamfer, some does not take bits chamfer. Should choose proper turning knife mix according to bit and the geometrical appearance of the chamfer that break bits, only such ability improve manufacturing efficiency, prolong the service life of cutting tool. Be aimed at a kind of workpiece material or it is workpiece hardness, use certainly why to plant when the razor blade of geometrical appearance, should mature the intensity to bit. Trigonometry razor blade is application the most extensive also be the commonnest bit form. Clip of knife of 7 kinds of when above paragraphs mentions basic turning can use trigonometry bit. Lozenge razor blade basically uses as profile modeling turning, and quadrate razor blade uses as normally guide horny cutting tool. According to the appearance of bit, we can decide the intensity of bit: The included angle on bit edge is bigger, the strength of bit is greater. Requirement of working requirement work decided 3 serious metal cutting are variable: Life of metallic cutting rate, cutting tool and surface are bright and clean degree. We must create true working condition, had balanced these 3 variable relations, thereby with as far as possible low unit finished cost, acquire the biggest production efficiency and best surface are bright and clean degree. Any successes that machine production rely on the structure of workpiece and cutting tool, become especially not firm or work is not hard, when cutting tool or machine tool component must contact treatment area, the structure can become especially important. Workpiece, cutting tool, and of the machine tool be out of shape is inevitable. These is out of shape normally very tiny, won't bring what influence to the operation, also often by people place oversight. Should be out of shape only bring about sound of generation Ka Ca, oscillatory or it is screwy when, it just can become an issue. Accordingly, we are necessary to spend time and energy to ensure cutting tool and work structure as far as possible firm, this are undertaking heavy-duty or it is interrupted cutting when especially important. Processing different work, especially those weight distributing inhomogenous with prejudicial workpiece when, want to consider balance sex issue. Lopsided may bring safe hidden trouble, bring about cutting not accurate, produce crack sound, can damage even machine tool. Below low speed condition, lopsided problem may not be very outstanding, but as speed rise, this problem can become more and more severe. When lopsided circumstance happens in use dial and lathe face plate for the most part. Be gone down from the cutting on workpiece by cutting tool as material, balance relation can produce corresponding change. If a series of thick cut bring about workpiece to become lopsided, so when when raising speed to undertake cutting of essence of life, lopsided problem can become more complex. Accordingly, still do not have finish machining finishing in turning this phase when, do not have a law witting it is what reason brought about turning precision and surface to spend a question glossily after all. Nextpage workpiece secures a method to be in turning treatment, 3 kinds of the commonnest workpiece secure a method: ◆ secures ◆ with collet fixed ◆ secures collet with collet between the center: The commonnest workpiece secures a method. Collet installation is in the rear of main shaft, 3 arrive 4 gate. The collet of 3 gate is used at securing cylinder work, make it and work station common and same a center. Every gate of 4 gate collet is OK through rotating the whorl hammer of radial installation undertakes modulatory. Although the accurate installation of workpiece is more time-consuming, but should use 4 gate collet normally when turning is not cylinder workpiece. Secure between the center: Undertake when need accurate turning is machined, or work station is not true cylinder when, can be between the center turning workpiece. Above all, in the two end of workpiece each drill hole of a cone-shaped center, offer to lathe center insert the position. Secure work first with a clincher, make clincher pointed insert convey on main shaft board the chamfer that go up, after ensuring workpiece can rotate together with main shaft, secure work two centers in lathe to go up again (1 is located in main shaft box, 1 is located in tailstock) , offer by them prop up. Lathe center is offerred to the workpiece between main shaft box and tailstock prop up. The center inside main shaft of main shaft box makes vivid center again, circle main shaft of main shaft box to rotate. On tailstock main shaft make dead center, this center does not rotate normally, and must consolidate and lubricant, wear away in order to prevent. That aperture that main shaft center inserts is Mohs standard taper normally. Want to ensure this aperture does not have dirt, bits was not cut on the taper of aperture or be burr. If live,be burr, it rotates with respect to won't normal ground. That is to say: These two centers are acting the action that hold the balance in lathe treatment. These two centers are offerred to workpiece prop up, they must are opposite with each other neat. Workpiece must have hit two perfect countersink to hold these two centers. Collet: In the turning that makes the same score round bloom or rough machining workpiece, connect regular meeting to use collet. The treatment precision demand of this kind of workpiece is higher, groovy 3 gate or 4 gate collet cannot accomplish such precision. Collet is relative to thinner tube state steel is covered actually, the 2/3 by the side of its length is divided into 3 fore-and-aft parts. The outside face of breach tail end is a taper, the inner cone that can insert a sleeve inside main shaft aperture is spent. Be pulled when collet to main shaft inside when, pull rod is buckled with respect to the whorl photograph of the end inside meeting and collet, the collet part that the taper of two sex parts with respect to meeting general right now squashs, let them secure work. The cutting tool clamping apparatus with cutting tool the simplest clamping apparatus or it is blade holder suits to be used at securing odd blade cutting tool. Generally speaking, the lower part of cutting tool is a music piece, music piece lower part is sunken spherical. This kind of method that prop up can adjust the position of cutting tool easily, let cutting tool go out when undertaking turning in correct height. In the graph of the right side, blade holder installation is on tool carrier of a double entry. The rest is an installation the small slideway on lathe horizontal slide, in horizontal go up any angle can be clipped. Additionally one kind of common tool carrier calls all directions to turn tool carrier, if right plan institute is shown. It also is installed go up in compound tool carrier. if name, tool carrier of this kind of 4 general formula can be accommodated most 4 cutting tool. Need to raise control lever only, solve the lock that drives tool carrier, can apace loads cutting tool tool carrier, let tool carrier rotate subsequently, close to control lever again can. Clamping apparatus of all standard cutting tool are to can let cutting dot what undertake cutting and design is in on the central line of machine tool and workpiece. If cutting dot is not on central line, the clearance horn between cutting tool clamping apparatus and workpiece can narrow. If certain clearance is lacked between clamping apparatus and workpiece, the life of cutting tool can shorten greatly, the workpiece surface quality that cutting comes out also is met very low. On the other hand, if edge is in a center line lower part, negative effect of horn can become bigger before. Below this kind of circumstance, can produce very high cutting power, cut bits to will become close together curly state. Bit at this time very easy burst, the workpiece with lesser diameter can cross cutting tool coping even, break away from with the machine tool. When having, let cutting dot leave central line to be able to solve a problem. Cite a case: Machine brittle spare parts when need, perhaps say to want to avoid to appear deep-felt chamfer is oscillatory, it is to should want to use even before horny cutting tool when, need to leave cutting place central line. Cross cutting tool slightly central line (the 2%-4% of workpiece diameter) the horn before can slight change, such doing can reduce cutting force, prevent vibration happening. Interrupted cutting, when processing big diameter work especially, can appear a few special problems. At that time, had better lower cutting point slightly central line lower part, let bit lie a stronger cutting position. Cutting condition is in after deciding machine tool and cutting tool, consider condition of a few the following main cutting with respect to need. Cutting speed: What cutting speed points to is the opposite surface speed between cutting tool and workpiece, with the surface foot / minute for the unit (SFM) . It is workpiece or cutting tool no matter, in cutting when can move. Because the machine tool makes whirligig, its unit is to turn / minutely, because this must have a method,turn exterior speed translate into / minute (RPM) . All cutting tool material differ in cutting workpiece material when, have a specific SFM. Cutting tool and workpiece material can give out on a lot of reference material recommend SFM range. Cutting deepness: What cutting deepness points to is the deepness that point of a knife enters work. Cutting deepness decides the linear size of cutting area. For instance: Shorten the external diameter of a workpiece 0. 500 inches, criterion cutting deepness is 0.
250 inches. Feed rate: The feed rate of turning lathe is work every time rotates, cutting tool is spent along the speed of advance before the axial of workpiece, its unit is inch / turn (IPR) , the space that also can use the advancement inside a minute of time will express, the unit is inch / minute (IPM) . Speed of feed rate, cutting, can affect productivity directly with cutting deepness, cutting tool life and machine tool. Accordingly, should be adopted certainly cautiously according to every cutting application why to plant cutting speed, feed speed and cutting deepness -- it is to undertake to workpiece thick cut or essence of life is cut, the choice that affects cutting condition directly. Nextpage hard turning as workpiece hardness rise stage by stage, its but machining function is reduced accordingly, bring about cutting tool wear away, and of workpiece surface bright and clean spend and complete spent a big question. It is OK to there are other mechanical methods and blame machinery method on the market at present economic ground comes down material from the cutting on hard alloy. But, use appropriate cutting tool data, and tall stiffness and machine tool of high speed axis come to what cutting hard alloy remains presence. Common example is used namely get together nitrogen of brilliant cubic metre changes boron (PCBN) cutting tool has precision work to machine of heat treatment steel and car assembly. This process can offer good dimension precision, the surface is bright and clean spend and exterior integrality. It is no matter still look from the technology from economic angle, this kind of method should be compared abrade have an advantage more. According to statistic of a few data, abrade cost is the 10 times above of hard turning cost. Advanced cutting tool material, for example PCBN and pottery and porcelain (the cutting tool data that detailed sees the first chapter is medium) make with turning Falaijia is versed in hard alloy steel is compared abrade more be to one's profit. Very much mechanical factory lets their cylindrical grinder retire, it is more cheap to convert with muti_function CNC lathe. Compare with abrade photograph, hard turning has the following advantage: The metallic cutting rate with rapidder ◆ , shorter periodic time. ◆ need not refrigerant (the actor bad that article will discuss dry treatment and wet treatment) . ◆ shortens preparative time. Now, accurate CNC lathe can turning gives the accuracy like abrade effect and surface to be spent glossily. Compare with abrade photograph, hard turning wastes fewer energy, more cause heat and other loss not easily to workpiece, do not need to use cutting liquid, and lathe is cheaper than grinder. But, to be being mixed largely miniature workpiece, hard turning gives an issue easily, because cutting force compares abrade muscularity. In addition, with abrade annulus self-correcting photograph is compared, the cutting tool when hard turning wears away and cutting tool control is another big question. Say so, hard turning and abrade the competition between is all-around, the product face that should use according to every is whole degree, quality and overall economy will decide to use why to plant method. Wet treatment of dry treatment VS is only 20 years ago, 3% what the cost of cutting fluid still holds most cutting finished cost only. The price of cutting fluid is such low, so that a lot of factories did not become it at all at that time,return a responsibility. However, time passes and the situation has changed, the case nowadays had big change. Today, 15% what the cost of cutting fluid occupied most factory to produce cost, cutting fluid had become mill bosses most one of problems that have a headache. Cutting fluid, especially those contain petrolic cutting fluid has resembled street mice nowadays same everybody cries dozen. Arrange of American environmental protection (EPA) restrict this kind of mixture discharge, a lot of cities and local government include danger the category of flotsam them even, if they are contained oil or it is specific alloy, will be faced with more strict control. Treatment of cutting of a lot of high speed and liquid nozzle can be in air generate mist -- fluid of cutting of government sector limitation emits into the amount in air. Arrange of American environmental protection offers to carry out more strict air grain content to discharge a standard even, and total office of American profession safety and sanitarian government (OSHA) the chroma level that considering to whether want to raise mist of the liquid inside factory environment. Gao Wei protects cost, hold a record, should abide by again have and future is more strict discharge code, all so rapid ground carry the price that raised cutting fluid. Because this a lot of factories are considering to use dry cutting law to replace wet cutting method, cast off the product that cutting oil gives them this incommode ceaselessly thoroughly. It is to use after all wet dry still method, should specific issue is specific analysis. In low speed, difficult treatment material, difficult work, finishing asks tall cutting application is medium, need uses lubricating oil. And in come up against high speed, easy treatment when the cutting such as material is due, need to use the cutting liquid that has tall cooling property. However, fluid of cutting of a lot of moment can give the profit that we bring the cost under it. Have a lot of kinds of cutting application, and this amount is in become increasing, need not use any cutting liquid. Contemporary cutting tool can issue cutting in higher temperature, some factories are used compress air general to cut bits glowingly to blow from cutting area. Design of major of company of pattern of product dispatch dragon produces various ironwork to use head of much axis bore to reach the head that attack a tooth, each district of product sale world. All the time since, long Gejian maintains optimal quality, with the richest manufacturing technology experience, show the precision of the product and wear well sex thoroughly, all treatment make Cheng use the treatment device of the most advanced nicety completely, offer the base with each solid product to assure the top quality of the product. No matter the bore demand of any forms, long Ge's comprehensive range of products, can offer all-around type choice, accord with the most accurate and efficient bore works. Head of bore of much axis of whole set of dragon pattern company reachs function in quality, already built great honor, the product is wide be used. CNC Milling
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